How Many Rows Are There In The Rose Garden

around the notion of culture

Axis opposition
Culture - Nature (acquired - innate or biological)
culture - civilization (especially - Universal)
Culture - identity (collective - Individual)
Culture - Politics (rash - rational)
culture - institutions and products (symbolic - hardware)

space of mediation between the individual and society
From an anthropological perspective:
-The emphasis in the unit (homogeneity)
From the point of Sociologically:
-The emphasis in the conflict (the influence of Marxism)

First ethnological definition of culture :
"Culture or civilization, taken in its ethnological sense the widest, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society "[Edward Tylor, 1871, p. 1].

anthropological look
evolutionary paradigm: Edward Tylor
culturalist paradigm: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, etc..
functionalist paradigm: Bronislaw Malinowski Radcliffe Brown, etc.. Paradigm
structuralist Claude Levi-Strauss


sociological functionalist paradigm:
-Émile Durkheim (French school)
Parssons-Talcott, Robert Merton (American School)
Marxist Paradigm:
Karl Marx, Louis Althusser (Marxism structuralist)
-neo-Marxist Pierre Bourdieu
paradigm of social action:
-Max Weber
Raymond Boudon (methodological individualism)