THE WORLD GOVERNMENT
States Post-national networks of influence, biocracy
February 2004
by ENGINEERING
imagine the establishment of a world government through by controlling the process of accession to state power, then imagine that those who control them are associated with financial powers, they share the same goals, the same grand strategy or the same ideology and to coordinate all the production rules in resource management and global technical systems in the management of information on behaviors of hundreds of millions of people. Imagine that the billions of human remains are handled by more conventional procedures of the military dictatorship and war. There would be an organized complex of firms controlling or seeking to control their own benefit and for their own purposes, functions long monopolized by the state (schools, justice, military, research) but also the proper functions of living.
Sketch diagram on Global Governance
"... you are, soon, thank heaven, out of the hands of your rebellious subjects ... Thereupon my cousin, I go, as you see in all your feelings, and pray that God keeps you there, but I can not even approve of your distaste for this kind of Governement that appointed representative, and I call myself, recreational, there being nothing that I know the world so entertaining for a king, not to mention the little utility that we will not return ... The representative suits me perfectly ... The money comes to us in abundance. Ask my nephew Angouleme, we have here in the billions, or, truth be told, by my faith, we have lost since we have our deputies, a majority, as it is called, compact; expense involved, but small ... cost me a hundred voices do not, I'm sure, every year, month, Ms. Cayla ... I thought you really like, before my trip to England, I did not like this at all representative; but then I saw what it is: if the Turk suspected it, he would not want something else, and would do his Divan both houses ... should not all these words of freedom, advertising, representation startle you. They are represented in our earnings, and whose product is immense, no danger, no matter what anyone says ... '
(This excerpt is from a secret letter sent by Louis XVIII [1] Ferdinand VII in August 1823 and this letter fell into the hands of a secret agent of Canning at Cadiz, and its publication provoked a controversy in England - see . The Morning Chronicle in October 1823)
The world government is described here as a complex intellectual coordination, accumulating and concentrating means can identify and standardize the futures of capitalism . This complex consists of core financial systems boxes to think (think tank) diplomatic and strategic guidance offices of scientific and technical research, networks of political influence, organized crime, intelligence services, corporations expertise legal and auditing. He is convinced that government composed of old families and new brain is better than the right of peoples to self-determination.
In fact, there is no "dictatorship of financial markets" or "ultra-liberalism" but a government structured in networks and hierarchies, which coordinates through small decisions on dominant points and by successive delegations of responsibility in all organizations under their control, implement strategies and advance their objectives at the scale of a country, region and the planet. By their position, their social capital, cultural, symbolic, financial, individuals, groups or lineages determine directly or indirectly, a crucial part of the global potential. They strengthen their coherence alliance, cross or coordinated strategies, referred elevator or intermarriage. Part of the government complex is stable, perennial but also diverse, consisting of multiple lines of capital accumulation that spreads over several generations.
Another part of the world government, in the manner of "popolo grasso" the Republic of Venice, is composed of new brain whose ambitions, interests and strategies are converging with those of the old nobility and the old bourgeoisie, or a fraction of the latter, and even influential. This group is composed of individuals, young condottiere "elected" to positions of the most important functions of government enterprises or public institutions, military, religious and civil.
meetings or G8 summits of the World Trade Organization (WTO), with their negotiations in private and sometimes secret are only the visible part of this complex and public drawing in its use of a new order - a new copying equipment - to compel the recalcitrant actors to submit to his new regime, to force their cooperation, or at least weaken them and neutralize them. This complex design / consultation / coordination of the planet factory integrates the conflictual ideological, tactical or diplomatic even within a world class, split the roles of villain, good and intercessor. Thus, conflicts across the world in opposing certain sections of class to others. In some cases, fractions antagonists reach agreement in a coordinated division of the global pie. In other cases, the fractions can not reach a new compromise through a war.
The world government, however powerful it may be, continues to consolidate. Since September 11, 2001 the violence intensifies. He seems to want to wipe out all opposing forces that could move or interfere with government lines.
The text below is limited to fly over some salient features past and present who have contributed to shaping or forming today a world government. This government does not see, how we see the signs of the state on French territory. There are no flags, costumes, flowcharts. That is why the phrase "world government" seems more appropriate than that of world state. However, this phrase has been used in various information warfare in the twentieth century, we felt it necessary to sketch the history - and to distance ourselves - with some conspiracy theories that have promoted (see the final mark). In addition, we want to caution against a reading grid nationalist or sovereignty, the right or left, which is clearly a misinterpretation. We do not agree to these policies, unable to meet this potential. We also want to caution the reader against any reductionist reading information about some families mentioned as an example. Although we are convinced of the importance of families such as Rockefeller or Rothschild capitalism in the twentieth century, other lines could serve as an example to describe the dynamics of capital accumulation, financial, cultural symbolic or social ( Schneider, Krupp, Ibn Saud, Windsor, Bush, Mitsui ...).
FLOODING OF NATION-STATES
In democratic nation-states, foreign affairs have served as a lever to compel the executive to domestic policy, while strengthening the self determination of a global social class. In the name of national security (and competitiveness), foreign policy justified the secrecy greater or less extent of government information, and empower decision making and budget of a part of military policy (the Secret Service). Thus, a governmental structure of the world-class fell into place gradually, while the rule of law (national) were losing their sovereignty.
The British were the forerunners of the secrecy of government information with the Official Secrets Act (1889) stating that the disclosure of information by any official in the performance of its functions to any unauthorized person was an offense for which he communicated and who received information (in other European countries, see Secret military and press freedom, comparative criminal law study, PUF, 1957). Britain has also established the oldest intelligence agencies in the world (founded in 1909 by MI5 ; databases in files on 16,000 people in 1914 and 137,500 in 1918). Since then, the secret services and industry intelligence became coextensive control devices States law.
the U.S. where the voting mechanism of the budget made it difficult to develop a policy beyond the parliamentary sanction, Truman extended secrecy to non-military agencies, "allowing any executive department, any government agency to declare" confidential "information, whenever it appears that this be "necessary in the interest of national security" (Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Imperial Presidency, PUF, 1976, p. 354). Then the secret, limited time to the military or administrative naturally extended scientific research (there are now more than a trillion documents classified on scientific research in the U.S. (according to Herbert Foerstel, Secret Science: Federal Control of American Science and Technology, Praeger, 1993).
A democratically elected government, hiding whatever he wants, in other words, causing leaks or lying when he wants "in the interest of national security," easily turns into a machine ghost, who can play both taxpayer money and slush funds, "exchanges of loyal service" and official travel, parallel financing linked to the Mafia and diversions public funds. In democracies, the vagaries of the Senate or parliamentary control and the irregularity of electoral mandates, have led to the emergence of institutions of international business, diplomatic and strategic private bodies or quasi-private, ensuring continuity in international politics .
The Round Table created by British Rhodes and Lord Alfred Milner February 5, 1891 is one of the ancestors of these historic institutions of international affairs that have multiplied since the '50s. This Round Table to "clone" in the early twentieth century into a American Round Table grouping including powerful Morgan, Rockefeller and Carnegie and round tables in various Commonwealth countries (South Africa, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India). After the First World War, these organizations changed their names: the American Round Table became known Council on Foreign Relations (1921), the Round Table English became the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA ). The Round Table Canadian, South African and Australian dénommèrent the Canadian Institute of International Affairs (CIIA), the Australian Institute of International Affairs , the South African Institute of International Affairs .
After the Second World War, these organizations were supplemented by other, larger, such as the Bilderberg Group (established in 1954 at the initiative of a former SS Prince Bernhard of the Holland (Alden Hatch, HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands; year autorisée biography, Harrap, 1962) and the Trilateral Commission (established in 1973 with the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Holland, Norway and the United Kingdom). The Trilateral can be regarded as the counterpart of the G5 , established in March 1973 by the finance ministers of five countries (U.S., Germany, United Kingdom, France, Japan). Institutions engaged in international business are made today in global network.
The Cold War was an opportune time to build this network of post-national coordination of world class. This network can be described as total included strategic and diplomatic components, but also economic, military, religious, political and cultural. Productivity and efficiency of the front anti-Communist world stood as indeed the invention of religion anti-communist Christian base (the Moon sect carried by the Korean CIA ), or the financing of Catholic fractions Protestant or anti-communists ( Opus Dei, the Legionaries of Christ , John Birch Society), and the creation of international cultural networks such as the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF).
Today, the presence of former heads of secret services, friends and partners in a number of institutes of international affairs (as well as boards of directors of the largest fund investment) is not a coincidence. It ensures the continuity of the policy pursued after 1945 in particular between countries G7 (U.S., Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Canada and Italy) followed G8 (with Russia) totaling in 2000 more than 70% of world production and 90% of total military spending worldwide.
In Asia, Japan was early evidence of its cooperation in the construction of a front anti-communist Yoshida Shigeru, Prime Minister of Japan from 1947 to 1952 ordered the arrest of 20,000 communist sympathizers shortly before the Japan-US agreement of 8 September 1951. This agreement gave Japan the pivot of the American military in the Far East soon followed by the SEATO created September 8, 1954 in Manila (the NATO Southeast Asian Nations) and the ASEAN the August 8, 1967 in Bangkok (Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines). On November 27, 1971, member countries of ASEAN signed the Declaration on the neutralization of Southeast Asia, saying they were "determined to do all the initial efforts to recognize and enforce the South-East Asia as a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality. " Exchanges of delegations began the same year between Malaysia and China, then between 1971 and 1973, three countries of the ASEAN knotted trade relations with Beijing (the Philippines in March 1972, Malaysia in May 1971, Thailand in October 1972).
In 1955, the Bandung Conference (condemning imperialism and colonialism and affirmed the desire for emancipation of these countries against the U.S. and the USSR in creating the Movement Non-Aligned ) did not put in question the Asian network coordination: the 29 participants, 14 countries were involved in the alliance system of the United States. In a report by the National Security Council U.S. in January 1957, Nehru, one of the architects of Bandung, was described as "moderate non-Communist" (by backlash, China called him an agent of American imperialism). According to a letter from U.S. Ambassador to India, the policy of nonalignment in India could be saved on the economic burden that would have been for Americans, its direct support. "The risks that would run for a U.S. security weak and vulnerable India would outweigh the risks resulting from a stable and influential India" (Report of the National Security Council , January 10, 1957, FRUS, 1955-1957, Vol. 8, pp.35-36 quoted in Gilles Bocquerat, Avatars of the non alignment, Sorbonne 1996, p. 167). From 1986-87, the Soviet antagonist ceased to act in Asia. The USSR withdrew from Afghanistan in February 1989, put pressure on Vietnam to negotiate on the Cambodian question. Moscow demanded the repayment of debt and imposed Vietnamese trade at world market prices in convertible currencies.
In the Europe, Dean Acheson and Truman insisted that the United Kingdom and the United States join forces to develop the NATO "by going ahead and acting to force others to follow "(Foreign Relations of United States, 1950, Volume VIII, p. 1430). This alliance gave a special place in the UK who refused to join the European Coal and Steel (ECSC) in 1951. This refusal does not mean that the Anglo-American alliance was against the construction of Europe. Truman as Eisenhower and Churchill pushed for the creation of the United States of Europe only to resist the Soviet threat permanently. As Eisenhower say "we can not be a modern Rome that would keep the remote border with his legions" (quoted in S. Ambrose, Eisenhower, p. 505). On April 16, 1948, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was created to coordinate the Marshall Plan in 1949 and was signed the Treaty of NATO. The Coudenhove-Kalergi who had the idea in the 1920s to unite the German coal and ore French, thus overcoming the Franco-German antagonism (cause of the failure of the European project), established the Pan- European Union in 1930. He founded in 1947 with Churchill , the European Parliamentary Union (United Europe Movement), point of origin the Council of Europe and European Parliament . Instigated the creation of a free trade Europe and a European government, Jean Monnet (collaborator of the Bali Company Hudson and Lazard Brothers but also very close to the financial community, legal and political under the Roosevelt administration , Truman, Eisenhower , Kennedy ) created in the same mind European Movement in 1958 which brought together the various political trends favor a united Europe.
From the end of the Second World War, no country could maintain a strategy for national basis. Even as former colonies believed conquer their sovereignty through their struggles for liberation, that sovereignty was dissolved by economic integration, the association constraint and interest negotiated between the centers of accumulation of the planet. The age of sovereignty began its decline. The world wars of the twentieth century as a space for debate between parts of a world class yet unconscious of itself have raised a platform of government coordination and coordination of the different fractions of world class. The peripheries, the platform developed a support class capable of the dictatorship and the black market, harnessing resources and maintaining a zone of influence to ensure the future of this uptake (Somoza family in Nicaragua (1936-1979), the Shah of Iran (1941-1979), Marcos in the Philippines (1965-1986), Saddam Hussein during the Iran-Iraq (1980-1990), Pinochet (1973-1990) in Chile, Suharto (1967-1998) in Indonesia, Mobutu (1965-1997) in Zaire, etc.)..
Thus mafias and dictatorships on the one hand, operational or tactical use by the Secret Service, Institute of International Affairs, states, transnational corporations on the other, metamorphosed into a single complex of empires pre-war. In the same movement, the politics of nation-states before the war was replaced by an area government shelved the short history of welfare states and democracies.
NODES AND NETWORKS FINANCIAL Elements genesis of
From the early nineteenth century, the British Empire would rule the world by creating a common market nations (Commonwealth ) led by the politico-financial aristocracy. Such a market sketched in 1816 with the Gold Standard , currency international credit, used by France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States. It credited the international monetary system on gold from the Bank of England (Bank of England ) was based on cooperation with the latter private banks in the City the Homes Baring (whose fortune dates back to the British East India Company ) Hambros or Rothschild, all strongly partisan of a global free market. These Homes have formed early in the nineteenth century a network of alliances (in February 1824, Barings and Rothschild co-founded the Alliance British and Foreign Life and Fire Insurance Company , Larry Neal of The Financial Crisis 1825 & the Financial Restructuring of the British system, 22nd Annual Economic Policy Conference At The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 16-17, 1997).
The historical relationship between the U.S. central bank (Federal Reserve Bank , EDF) and the Bank of England ( Bank of England) and the work performed after the first war World by Montagu Norman , member of the Round Table British and Benjamin Strong, Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and member of the American Round Table (The Bank of England, Money, Power and influence, 1664-1994, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1995) later served as the basis for the establishment of the first global financial institution based on cooperation between the various central banks. Thus was created in 1930 Bank for International Settlements (BIS) meeting the central bank governors of the Group of 10 (Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden, which s 'said the Swiss banks and three private American JP Morgan First National Bank of New York and First National Bank of Chicago (cf. Charter constituting the BIS Effective February 26, 1930). This institution Financial was completed in 1944 with the Bretton Woods institutions by creating the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank .
The Bretton Woods system did not offer, like his previous English, an international currency in the nature of credit money: Keynes's proposal to introduce a currency national currencies (the Bancor ) to ensure international monetary order against political pressures and speculative, was abandoned in favor of the Plan White (American) making the dollar the international currency post-war period. But adoption of the Plan White laid the foundations for the collapse of monetary system in the 1970s. The end of the dollar's convertibility into gold, the rise of the Eurodollar market, technological innovations facilitating the flow of information and accelerating the transfer of capital, inventions financial, legal and accounting, an exploding market offshore finance in the 1970s pushed forward the neo-monetarists and supporters of deregulation. These changes partially altered the order of capitalism "club" based on a noble business concerned to take its place.
In Britain, this financial revolution was to a large extent a revolution imposed by the Bank of England that "in deciding in favor of abolition of fixed commissions, gave signals a revival of competition leading to deeper structural reforms: abolition of the distinction between brokers [intermediaries] and jobbers [banks], then buy the old houses in the City by international conglomerates "(Yves Dezalay, notables conglomerates of expertise, Journal of Economics Financial, No. 25, Summer 1993). The need to regulate all these changes caused a rise of legal and financial technology firms and U.S. law (Price Waterhouse, Ernst & Young, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Booz Allen & Hamilton, Arthur Andersen ...). It also provoked the rise of business intelligence firms supposed to increase the visibility and corporate governmentality. Finally, he encouraged the proliferation of neo-monetarist institutions and strengthened the influence of the supporters of deregulation.
With the crisis in the Keynesian model, the anti-communist of the Atlantic Alliance could fully devote himself to a neo-monetarism and neo-liberalism that called into question the solidarity and redistribution, two fundamental principles of the welfare state. This neo-monetarism and neo-liberalism that was theorized by von Hayek , creator in 1930 of the Society for the Renovation of Liberalism , which became in 1947 the Mont Pelerin Society (MPS counted among its Member Karl Popper , Max von Thurn und Taxis , Otto von Habsburg , Henry Simons ). The company was also the head-to-bridge network of institutes and clubs to think (think tank) neo-liberal who flourished from the 1970s in the world.
Neo-liberalism was also broadcast by the major schools such as the London School of Economics (who as Professor Friedrich A. Hayek and where David Rockefeller and Soros made studies), or the University of Chicago, founded by John D. Rockefeller Senior (with teacher outside Friedrich von Hayek himself, the neo-liberal economists as Jacob Viner , Gary Becker, Milton Friedman ). Antony Fisher of the Mont Pelerin Society created boxes to think like the Fraser Institute Vancouver (Canada) in 1974 or the Manhattan Institute in New York in 1977. The latter, established with the blessing of the director of the CIA the time, Frank Carlucci , the future director of the CIA , William Casey and financial firms JP Morgan or pharmaceutical Eli Lilly (George Bush Senior was director of Eli Lilly at the time of creation of the Manhattan Institute ) was the origin point of the policy of "zero tolerance" and the penal state in the United States.
Today there are over a hundred institutes and clubs to think of this kind in the world, proponents of deregulation and state police. Some of these institutes are present simultaneously in different countries (the Aspen Institute exists in Italy, Germany, Japan, France, USA). Others although part of the network openly or tacitly, does not exceed the national level. In France, this network is represented today by the Institut Montaigne (Claude Bebear and Alain Mérieux), the Institute Euro 92 created by Alain Madelin (its president is Jean-Pierre Raffarin, French Prime Minister) or Again, the Pinay Circle , created by a relative of the Opus Dei , former president of the Council under the Fourth Republic, Antoine Pinay . In the countries of Eastern Europe, the Soros Foundations have driven the transition countries Eastern Europe and Central to their integration into global capitalism (the creation of foundations in Hungary in 1984, China in 1986, the USSR in 1987, Poland in 1988 ...). In Latin America, Fundacion Internacional para la Libertad (IDF) members include boxes to think neo-conservative such as The Cato Institute , The Heritage Foundation, Manhattan Institute, The Atlas Economic Research Foundation and other South American organizations such as the Instituto Atlantico Brazil, the Instituto Libertad y Chiles Desarrollo and Centro de Estudios Legales , the Ecuador Instituto de Politicas Public (IPPE) and Cedic (Venezuela). Leonard Liggio, vice president of the Atlas Economic Research Foundation , was chosen by the Mont Pelerin Society as new president October 10, 2002. While some of these institutes are classified in the "camp" neo-conservatives, others belong to the liberal or socialist faction (the Institute for Public Policy Research or Demos with Giddens in Britain the Cercle de l'Industrie of Dominique Strauss-Kahn in France), thus occupying the entire field of vision of democracies.
THE CORE FINANCIAL
From a structural point of view, transformations and the global financial deregulation movement pushed for the integration of national financial and hearts at the same time amorcèrent building a global financial center. In the 1970s, the financial hearts were still national. In France, the financial heart was built around the two banks Paribas and Suez (François Morin Structure of French capitalism, Calmann-Levy, 1974), in Italy around the banking companies or industrial Mediobanca, Generali , Agnelli and Benedetti, in Germany around the banks Dresdner Bank, Commerzbank and Deutschebank , England, around Barclays, Prudential and Morgan Guarantee. In France and Germany, the rate of concentration of ownership has always been very high: in 1999, in 80% of the 170 leading companies traded on the Paris and Frankfurt, one shareholder owned 25% shares for each of them (Colin Mayer, Firm Control, University of Oxford, February 18, 1999).
A 1976 report shows the existence of a stable international financial heart in the 1970s ... Inheriting 50 years of intrigue, alliances and incest or financial policies (Federal Reserve Directors: A Study of Corporate and Banking Influence. Staff Report, Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing, House of Representatives, 94th Congress , 2nd Session, August 1976). can verify the accuracy of the report by reading the biographies of the various personalities involved in his direction. These readings allow us to understand cross-links between the major financial groups of the time ( JP Morgan, Chase Manhattan , Rothschild, Brown Brothers, Lazard , Harriman, National City Bank, Warburg, J. Henry Schroder - IBJ Whitehall today Bank & Trust Company , a subsidiary of Industrial Bank of Japan ) and the banks of England and New York (the Federal Reserve of New York determines the policy of the various U.S. Federal Reserve grouped in the EDF). These readings can also cross to enter alliances bypassing the disputes between the nations to each other during the twentieth century: Prescott Bush, father of President George Herbert Walker Bush President of the United States from 1988 to 1992, executive director at Brown Brothers Harriman (led by Averell Harriman , married to the mother of Winston Churchill , source: www.churchill-society-london.org.uk/wscminor.html) led operations bank of the National Socialist government on Wall Street. The Union Banking Corporation , a subsidiary of Harriman led by Prescott Bush , the antenna was New York's Thyssen-Flick German Steel Trust, a firm notorious slave (Webster G. Tarpley & Anton Chaitkin George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography).
At that time, counsel for Prescott Bush on Wall Street were none other than Allen Dulles (working for the bank Schroder , future director of the OSS , creator the CIA and future president of the Rockefeller Foundation ) and John Foster Dulles his brother. The latter worked long in the Rockefeller Group (from 1922 to 1949 he was director of the International Nickel Company of Canada owned Rockefeller ) and was director of Consolidated Silesian Steel Compagny in the 30s (66% owned by Friedrich Flick ).
History of Dulles shows how one relates to another financier, industrialist, legal ( JF Dulles is a lawyer on Wall Street), the political and diplomatic (he is an adviser United States Conference of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and adviser to the U.S. delegation at the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945). It can also capture the strategic and ideological ties which unite the former Nazis and Japanese imperialists leaders of the United States in the postwar period. The U.S. government said he wanted to dismantle German Konzerns and proceeded to close the German organization of sale of coal (this organization called DKV- Deutsche Gesellschaft Verkaufs-Kohl, allowed the seizure of the steel industry on mines coal). Yet in 1951, the High Commissioner American in Germany, John Jay McCloy (former president of the World Bank), ordered the release of SS war criminals, industrialists Alfred Krupp and Friedrich Flick who soon recovered their fortunes ( Friedrich Flick was regarded in 1955 as the fifth World fortune). John Mac cloy, later became director of Chase from 1953 to 1972, after being charged account Rockefeller the law firm of Rockefeller the Milbank Tweed . John Foster Dulles , arranged on its side that Japan need not pay for repairs and that the government return to former executives of the Japanese Empire. By the Peace Treaty of 1951, he finally prevented the prosecution of war prisoners and forced laborers against the Japanese atrocities. The British request that "Japan furnish the governments of the United Nations all the gold they had improperly appropriated" (Foreign Office Records, March 7, 1951) was also quickly abandoned by England who stood aside in April 1951 U.S. position on requesting repairs to the tune of 60 million Pounds-Or. The United States appropriated and the immense Treasure of Japan ("Golden Lily") consisting of 175 imperial treasures skimmed off in East Asia and South-East by the Japanese in a dozen countries during the Second World War (see on this survey for eighteen years by Serling and Peggy Seagrave, recounted in Operation Golden Lily, Michalon, 2002). Such a treasure kept secret by Truman allowed including partially fund the anti-Communist U.S., corrupting governments or military or by buying votes. He helped to augment the U.S. gold reserves (the U.S. had half the Global gold stocks after the Second World War).
In the post-war Nelson Rockefeller invited "the worst of the worst fascists and Nazis in Washington" according to Tucci, head of the Research Office of Latin American State Department. Rockefeller and answer him: "Everyone is helpful and we will bring these people to adopt a friendly attitude towards the United States" (quoted in Peter Collier and David Horowitz, The Rockefellers, an American Dynasty, Threshold , 1976, p. 284). David Rockefeller said that it is "impossible to separate a large bank international, government and its policies. "The Chase Bank (Rockefeller ) is clear proof." In 1948, after the break between Tito and Stalin, the Chase became the main banking association with Bank of Yugoslavia and 1950 she was one of the first banks to extend credit to Franco's Spain . 20 years later, she became the first American bank to open a branch in Moscow and the first to settle in China after visiting Beijing Nixon "(Peter Collier and David Horowitz, op. cit., p.286).
Today as yesterday, the links between investment funds and the policy remains as important. Paribas Geneva-hosted a numbered account of Mobutu (www.ppp.ch / devPdf / Mobutisme.pdf), the CL or Union Bancaire Privée numbered accounts of Algerian generals (www.maroc hebdo.press.ma www.anp.org-and / apelbanques / appelauxbanques.html). Citibank (now Citigroup ) welcomes accounts of Mexican President Carlos Salinas or the President of Gabon Omar Bongo . Citibank is also highly involved in the Plan Colombia (she is one of the largest foreign investors in this country, www.under.ch). Conversely, many political leaders use their positions to form financial fortunes (dictators Duvalier in Haiti, Marcos in the Philippines, Indonesia Suharto, Saddam Hussein in Iraq, to name but a few ).
The merger between financial strength and political family reaches the endpoint with the clan Saud al- who sit at the United Nations (Saudi Arabia) and several organizations that fund global politico-religious (Muslim World League , Organization of Islamic Conference, Organization of the Islamic Youth ). In Canada, the merger is less visible than in Saudi Arabia, is no less real: the leaders of the three main parties are bound to Paul Desmarais or his company, Power Corporation . John Rae, the campaign adviser to Prime Minister Jean Chretien in Canada was executive vice president of Power Corporation (Society Paul Desmarais ), sister of Prime Minister itself being married to Andre , son of Paul Desmarais . Conservative Party leader and the leader of the Socialist Party, both opponents Jean Chretien, have themselves worked for each Power Corporation. And the current Prime Minister Paul Martin , has itself Power Corporation ...
Continuity strategic investment and diplomacy explains the presence of elders CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) among the largest U.S. investment funds ( Robert Gates is on the board of Fidelity , John Deutsch than Citigroup, Maurice "Hank" Greenburg to American International Group-AIG ), or the presence of elders MI5 and MI6 (British Secret Service) in UK funds. This also explains the choices of successive presidents of the World Bank accumulating experience in offices and regulation in financial conglomerates ( John Mac cloy worked with Rockefeller, including his law firm Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy ; Eugene R. Black and Eugene Meyer were presidents of the U.S. central bank, the Fed ; Black was a director of the Population Council created by Rockefeller, the Ford Foundation of Brooking Institute and director the Chase Manhattan Bank Rockefeller; Robert McNamara was a member of the Rockefeller Foundation ; George D. Woods was director of First Boston Corporation ; Lewis T. Preston was president of Morgan Guarantee and General Electric (Rockefeller); James Wolfensohn created a company with Rothschild (the Rothschild, Wolfensohn & Co ), worked with Salomon Brothers, Schroder Banking Group, Darling and co. and was also part of the Rockefeller Foundation and Population Council.
The transformation of hearts in the financial Trilateral influence the organization and international political climate. Inside the ring world government - the complex of investment funds and banks Barclays Plc (the first private equity fund Global), Rockefeller Family and Fidelity (first institutional investment fund World, owned by Edward C. Johnson ), JP Morgan Chase (Rockefeller / Rothschild) , Rothschild, Citigroup , UBS, Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank, Mellon, Goldman Sachs , Axa, Pargesa - are forming alliances, cooperation, regional partnerships. Concentrations in the U.S. financial world have been strengthened following the repeal, October 22, 1999, the Glass-Steagall Act (established in 1933, after the Crash of 1929) imposing a boundary between merchant banks Commercial banks and insurance companies.
standards of capitalism defined by the ring government naturally needed to conglomerates Russian, Japanese, Indian, Chinese, Brazilian ... seeking customers and partners. Chinese or Russian conglomerates must comply with the rules and practices the financial heart world to be assessed by rating agencies such as Fitch, Standard & Poor's or Moody's be audited by Ernst and Young (mainly Anglo-Saxon) and gain access to the tool and banking, insurance and financial ... the Trilateral However, certain class fractions are eager to preserve their control over state enterprises. In Russia, the recent arrest of oil magnate Mikhail Khodorkovsky (who had sold his shares in Yukos to Rothschild ) shows that Putin wants to keep the breeding conditions of his clan (another example is the detention of Vyacheslav Sheremet , first-deputy chairman of Gazprom and CEO of Sibur and substituting " Putin "Alexei Miller ). Similarly, in China, despite the massive influx of foreign investment, the inlet Andre Desmarais (Canada) in the capital of a conglomerate of State ( CITIC Pacific ) remains an exception. In Japan, foreign ownership - European or American - are rare in conglomerates Mitsui, Mitsubishi or Sumitomo . There are no U.S. or British interests in one of the leading financial groups worldwide, the Mizuho Financial Group , or the third financial institution in the world Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp. . World class is not only "white" or WASP (White Anglo Saxon Protestant). It is "multicultural" composed of middle-class families history (imperial nobles) Japanese, Chinese, or Sinicized, old Arab families, Jordanian or Lebanese, Korean, Thai, Indian, etc..
socialist accumulation: LINES, COMMUNITIES, CLASS
The world-class married or reconciled the old families - the financial, social, cultural, symbolic and even genetic - of each brain region without parentage (Henry Kissinger , Frank Carlucci , Jean Monnet, Jacques Delors ) used to increase capital, reconciliations and the organization of world government. It is not closed on itself and integrates skills and continuously integrates new entrants who accumulate power and demonstrate to perfection the ideal of success, career and create the middle class. These new entrants must be accredited by the bourgeoisie and the historical financial aristocracy. In France, it is unlikely that Vincent Bollore would have had the opportunity to build an empire without Antoine Bernheim ( Lazard), a friend of his mother.
can not distinguish a nobility that would be an archaic aristocracy and bourgeoisie dynamic, emerging from the industrial revolution and capable of developing business The nobility is over-represented on boards of directors or in organization of the State (Michel and Monique Nip Nip-Charlot, Sociology of the bourgeoisie, Discovery, 2003). The policy called "neo-liberal" has continued since the late 1970s have largely increased their fortunes and the questioning of democratic regimes defined as a "ungovernable". United States, the tax rate on income over 400,000 dollars spent by 91% during the Second World War to 70% in the 1960s and 50% in 1986 and 28% in the 1990s. Thus, the richest 1% trillion won during the Reagan years alone, an increase of 87% of their income. The ratio between CEO pay and workers who were 1 to 40 in 1970 is increased from 1 to 531 in the 90 while 6 million people are now deprived of their civil rights, an order of magnitude comparable to the time gulags in the 1950s in the USSR (www.democratie-socialisme.org, September 13, 2003).
classist ideology based in part on the dynastic strategies or community (biocracy) is building over generations. In the spirit dynastic individual is only a usufructuary, a link in a long chain that gets his elders and he must pass. The power of the big bourgeoisie and aristocracy lies in its awareness and class solidarity, different in that the individualism of the middle class dreams of success, career and creativity. In the pool of noble families, some manage to reproduce themselves over centuries, while others emerge and tend to be ennobled as and when they grow older. Some, important today, were established in the nineteenth century or the twentieth century by industry or finance ( Sellière / Demachy / Wendel France, Ford , Bass, Lynch, Farish or Bush United States, Rockefeller worldwide Krupp in Germany, Tata in India, Li Ka Shing or Henry Fok China Desmarais in Canada, James Riady Indonesia). Others - including royal or princely families - have a historical capital over several centuries ( Windsor, Stuart or Grovesnor in Britain, Soong China Mitsui, Mitsubishi , Hitotsubashi Japan Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah in Brunei , family Cisneros in Spain and Latin America, family Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud , Aga Khan, Warburg, Oppenheimer or Rothschild). They have frequently relied on religions, transformed into a state religion or empire have deified blood families.
A study to be here in detail to assess the impact some families in world history. For example, in China before Mao , nothing happened without the agreement of the Soong family . Charlie Soong (Song Jiashu, 1866-1918), a Cantonese clandestinely landed in Boston received the help of a rich capitalist Durham Julian Carr, who financed his studies in theology in Tennessee before being sent China as a priest by the China Mission Conference which enabled him to extend his influence on Chinese Christians. Later he turned to the business using his contacts in the world missionaries Protestants and built through the American Bible Society , a fortune that enabled him to finance particular activities of the League vowed Sun Yat-sen from 1894. His first son, Zewen Soong (TV Soong, 1894-1971) was a graduate of Harvard Business School . Several times Minister of Finance in the governments of the Kuomintang, he gave China its first budget organized its first single currency and central bank first. But his reputation as a liberal pro-capitalist West modernist masked the reality of a nationalist character very close relationship with the Triads Opium and the Chinese secret societies. The eldest daughter of Charlie Soong Ailing Soong , after the secretary of Sun Yat-Sen (who tried unsuccessfully to marry her after Charlie Soong was denied) was married in the early twentieth century to a young banker ( Kong Xiangxi) true descendant of Confucius (73rd descendant) and fearsome speculator who was one of the pillars of the regime of Chiang Kai-shek . One of his sisters, Quigling Soong (1892-1980), Secretary, in turn, married Sun Yat-sen, the latter in 1915 before playing a real role together with the Communists and Mao that so Vice-President of the People's Republic of China. As such, Quigling was the Grande Dame of the People's Republic of China. Finally, the youngest, Soong Meiling (born 1897), was educated at Wellesley College (Massachusetts) before marrying in 1927 Chiang Kai-shek after he himself was converted to Christianity. In 1949 she became Vice-President of the Republic of China (now Taiwan since) and made sure to include relations between China and the United States (Jean Monnet, Mémoires, Fayard, p.134 and Alain Roux, China in the twentieth century, Editions Sedes, 1999 p.188).
On another level, beyond the recent strain Rockefeller frequently mentioned previously, monographs on the Rothschild dynasty include the extent of their influence over the last two centuries (The Rothschilds Frederic Morton , The Rothschilds, Derek Wilson and against good fortune of Guy de Rothschild). The genealogical studies provide insight reproductive strategies that have boosted their capital and financial account (as in the Catholic aristocracy, the aristocracy or upper middle class Ashkenazi - which includes the Rothschilds - the reproduction is ensured by the son, while girls are used to build alliances with other large families such as Warburg, Schiff , Worms, Fürstenberg, Fould , von Springer , Oppenheim, Lambert).
The study of media conglomerates in the world shows that many of them belong to a small group of large families. Viacom (USA), the second largest global media is controlled by Summer Redstone ; News Corporation (Australia), seventh global media group controlled by Rupert Murdoch ; Metro Goldwyn Mayer (USA), thirty-seventh World Group is controlled by Kirk Kerkorian ; Bertelsmann (Germany ) is controlled by Reinhard Mohn and Andre Desmarais . The largest shareholders of Pearson Plc are family David-Weill ( Lazard France) and Rothschild . Liberty Media (USA), Thirty-fifth World Group, is controlled by John Malone Baron . The group Berlusconi, twenty-ninth World Group, is controlled by the President of the Republic of Italy Silvio Berlusconi who controls public television. Dow Jones (USA), twenty-third global group appears to be controlled by the Bancroft family . Families Ueno and Murayama control group Asahi (Japan). The group Cisneros (Venezuela) is controlled by Gustavo Cisneros . DTV (Norway) is controlled by the family Schneider. The brothers bass are the largest shareholders of Disney , etc.. The study of the oil conglomerates showed a similar structure - part family, part of state - that of media conglomerates. If the company Petroleos de Venezuela SA . is controlled by the state, the majors are controlled by families ( Pennzoil Quaker State belongs especially to the Bush family , Royal Dutch Shell princely family and Dutch BP, probably a family British princes ; Exxon to Rockefeller ; Desmarais and Frère hold a significant interest in Total (France). Not to mention the Saudi companies ... As events in Afghanistan and Iraq have shown, some of these families are largely responsible for many wars used as means to increase their hold (there's a half-century, Rockefeller had been directly involved in the war Ethiopia alongside Mussolini ).
The end of nation states, the invention of post-republican regimes, the erosion democracies deemed "ungovernable," the end of the State Civil claiming remove distinctions of birth, state, culture or occupation, have participated to varying degrees to the repositioning of a central social order or ruling class to immortality. Today, this class has sufficient means to buy the services of private armies ( Executive Outcomes, Dyn Corporation, Kroll Associates ) and intelligence ( Dun & Bradstreet ) to sweep without remorse remnants of the welfare state, or to create devices Legal - patents, laws, standards having the same effect as the most sophisticated weapons - for the growth of its capital.
ENGINEERING ( www.universite-tangente.fr.st )
Summary
Text: Sketch diagram on Global Governance
Index names mentioned
Organization / Cartogram 60 x 84 cm - Source: ( http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook ) 2003
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Office of É studies is a collective of artists, co-author of the journal Artistic Autonomy.
cartograms
The cartograms show views synoptic and gravity of power today. They include links (cross links, personal, administrative, technical), identity (business, government, technical features, standards, clubs, individuals or families), types (media, financial, legal, technical and military) hierarchies (shareholder / affiliate, old nobility, aristocracy, new bourgeoisie, hyperbourgeoisie, nomenklatura capitalism). They seek to show the invisible connections, identities cross, producing other hierarchies and other subordination as flowcharts. They bypass the disinformation and manipulation of information carried by the mainstream media. The cartogram allows to move, build strategies, and even conduct tactical actions. The collection is animated by cartograms Studies Office.
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[1] The letter attributed to Louis XVIII is in fact a famous literary forgery of Paul-Louis Courier .
